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# Backups and syncs
This mostly has to do with `hydractl` commands such as
`sync-{backups,media,tpc}`.
## Servers
* Backups can be automatically generated and sent to other servers, including
NAS instances.
* Automated backup checking can be done.
* But all this does not exempt a team from manually testing backups and to make
their own offline copies in external drives.
## Parameters
Start by running the following commands in your terminal, adjusting to your
case:
export HYDRA="hydra-name"
export DISK="disk-name"
export DEVICE="/dev/sdc"
export USER="`whoami`"
export DOMAIN="`facter domain`"
if [ "$USER" != "root" ]; then
export SUDO="sudo"
fi
## New external drive
To add a new external drive into the pool, proceed as follows.
First make sure to create a passphrase for the new disk into your hydra's keyring:
keyringer $HYDRA pwgen disks/$DISK.$DOMAIN/luks/root
If you're using a USB drive, run this before plugging it on the computer:
hydractl usb-enable
With the disk plugged in, make a layout with single `${DEVICE}1` partition
(example: a disk with only one partition like `/dev/sdc1`):
$SUDO cfdisk ${DEVICE}
Now create the LUKS encryption header in this new disk, using the passphrase
generated above by keyringer:
$SUDO cryptsetup luksFormat ${DEVICE}1
Open the encrypted volume and create the basic filesystem structure needed
to sync content:
$SUDO cryptsetup luksOpen ${DEVICE}1 $DISK
$SUDO mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/$DISK
$SUDO mkdir /media/$DISK
$SUDO mount /dev/mapper/$DISK /media/$DISK
$SUDO mkdir /media/$DISK/media.$DOMAIN
$SUDO chown ${USER}: /media/$DISK/media.$DOMAIN
Finally, umount the drive:
hydractl umount-media $DISK
## Regular sync
These commands should be enough to sync all media archives:
hydractl usb-enable # run this for USB drives, then connect the disk
hydractl mount-media $DISK
hydractl sync-media $DISK
As this should handle syncing all backups:
hydractl sync-backups $DISK
## TPC
Chek the [specific](tpc.md) documentation for more information about TPCs.
When regularly syncing a TPC, use a procedure that guarantees minimal
changes in the running TPC, to make sure syncing data won't create
inconsistencies in the destination, by doing something like:
1. Reboot the machine
2. Turn off networking.
3. Log in through console.
Then do the following:
hydractl usb-enable # run this for USB drives, then connect the disk
hydractl mount-media $TPC
hydractl sync-tpc $TPC
If you don't want to do a full TPC sync, but just want to sync the home folders
(which is faster), use the following instead of the last command above:
hydractl sync-home $TPC
To sync archives and remote backups, proceed with as explained in the NAS
section.
You may also want to consider using [borger][] ([mirror][]) to have encrypted
homedir backups in the external archive/backup volume.
[borger]: https://git.fluxo.info/borger/about/
[mirror]: https://0xacab.org/rhatto/borger
## Appliances
You might want to backup the whole SSD, M-SATA or microSD from your appliances.
If so, proceed as follows with the appliance device connected in your TPC:
export APPLIANCE="appliance-name"
export DEST="/var/backups/remote/${APPLIANCE}.${DOMAIN}/image/`date +%Y%m%d`"
$SUDO mkdir -p $dest
dcfldd if=/dev/sdb | bzip2 > $DEST/${APPLIANCE}.img.bz2
## Smartphone
Smartphones usually have their own way to be backed up. This is an example
based on the [android-backup][] utility:
android-backup <device-name>
[android-backup]: https://git.fluxo.info/scripts/tree/android-backup
## Hardware rotation
It's recommended to rotate the current hardware in use in all
places:
* Backup disks.
* Laptops, so they're not kept out of use (and/or especially the batteries).
## Backup Kit
A Backup Kit is a box with the following items:
* External encrypted archive/backup disk.
* Case for SSD transportation.
* Laptop power adapter and cables.
* Dockstation SATA/USB/M.2/microSD/etc (with power adapter -- usually 12V).
* Power adapter for external hard drives (usually 12V, and might be compatible
with the dockstationadapter, so you might carry just one).
* USB power adapter and cable (including USB 2, USB 3 and USB C).
* USB cables (USB 2, USB 3 and USB C) for the Dockstation and the external drive.
* TPC laptop with battery and TPS (SSD, M.2 etc), optionally with a UltraBase/Dockstation.
* Philips screwdriver and other tools.
* FCR-MG2 adaptor for microSD to USB.
* Anything else your need (like eyeglasses).
* Everything in a sealed box.
This may be the ultimate disaster recovery kit for your Hydra!
## Restore
Examples according to the software used to make the backup.
### Duplicity
For [duplicity][]:
duplicity collection-status file:///var/backups/duplicity
duplicity restore --file-to-restore home/$USER --time 2018-03-25 file:///var/backups/duplicity/ /home/$USER
[duplicity]: https://duplicity.gitlab.io/
### Borg
For [Borg][]:
export PATH_TO_RESTORE="path/to/be/restored"
mkdir ~/temp/misc/restore
cd ~/temp/misc/restore
borg list ssh://$USER@$SERVER:$PORT//var/backups/users/$USER/borg
borg extract ssh://$USER@$SERVER:$PORT//var/backups/users/$USER/borg::$USER-2018-06-11T17:07:39 mnt/crypt/home/$USER/$PATH_TO_RESTORE
Make sure to cleanup `~/temp/misc/restore` after recovering what you need.
Note on backup keys:
* In the past (before 2024), the Hydra Suite and it's companion [Puppet][]
modules used pre-generated [Borg][] repository keys for the sake of automation.
This is [not possible anymore][].
* As it's [important to keep copies of the borg repository key safely
elsewhere][], the managed configuration supports OpenPGP-encrypting the
repository key and uploading it to the remote repository.
* This OpenPGP-encrypted key file is named as `keyfile.asc` and is uploaded
in the root folder of the remote repository.
* This OpenPGP-encrypted key file is encrypted and signed with a provided
OpenPGP keypair and passphrase (convention is to use the machines's OpenPGP
general purpose key, or the machine's role key).
* This allows the operators to fetch this encrypted keyfile and use their copy
of the machine's OpenPGP key to extract the passphrase _on their
encrypted-storage workstations_ (recommendation is to not do this on the remote
repository).
[Borg]: https://www.borgbackup.org/
[Puppet]: https://www.puppet.com/
[not possible anymore]: https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/issues/7047
[important to keep copies of the borg repository key safely elsewhere]: https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html#how-important-is-the-home-config-borg-directory
### eCryptfs
For [eCryptfs][]:
$SUDO ecryptfs-recover-private /media/$DISK/home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.Private
[eCryptfs]: https://www.ecryptfs.org/
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