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# Integrity checking
## Debian Images
See [Verifying authenticity of Debian CDs](https://www.debian.org/CD/verify).
## Source packages
This is the trick part. In theory, you could run just
dscverify *.dsc
Which would check if the signature was made for a key included in the `debian-keyring` package or if you
have a verification path with the signing key.
In practice, it should always work for sources you download from the **same** Debian version you're running.
But sources you download from newer versions might not work, depending basically if the maintainer's key is
already on the `debian-keyring` you installed.
### Using a newer debian-keyring package
You might want to try a newer `debian-keyring` package (for testing or unstable), which we haven't tested
yet but can reduce a lot of complexity that follows.
### Install manually debian-keyring somewhere
If not, you might try to have a newer copy of the `debian-keyring` somewhere. We already provide one in the
a way for you to get the keyring directly from https://keyring.debian.org:
make keyring
We use `--no-default-keyring` to make sure `gpg` just looks for the key in the `debian-maintainers` keyring:
gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/debian-keyring.gpg --verify *.dsc
You might also want to have the following on your `~/.devscripts` (line break just to keep formatting here):
DSCVERIFY_KEYRINGS="/usr/share/keyrings/debian-keyring.gpg:/usr/share/keyrings/debian-maintainers.gpg:
/path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/debian-keyring.gpg:/path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/debian-maintainers.gpg"
Or you can use the following alias:
alias dscverify='dscverify --keyring /path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/debian-keyring.gpg --keyring /path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/debian-maintainers.gpg'
### Manually getting the key
Another option is to get the specific key:
gpg --recv-keys 12345678
Either way, you have to have a criteria about how much trust you should give to the keyring or the pubkey
you just downloaded. The same goes for software you're porting to Debian and that you can't actually check
it's signature against `debian-keyring`.
### Issues with dpkg-source
Things get even trickier when you try to use `dpkg-source`. See [Debian Bug report logs - #852019 gpgv: unknown
type of key resource 'trustedkeys.kbx'](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=852019)
for details.
Even if you merge both `keyring/keyrings/debian-keyring.gpg` `keyring/keyrings/debian-maintainers.gpg`
into some file like `keyring/keyrings/pubring.kbx`, symlink it as `keyring/keyrings/trustedkeys.gpg`
and point `GNUPGHOME` to this folder you'll still get a weird behavior:
0 $ dget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/r/ruby-childprocess/ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.dsc
dget: retrieving http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/r/ruby-childprocess/ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.dsc
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1827 100 1827 0 0 2626 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4911
dget: retrieving http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/r/ruby-childprocess/ruby-childprocess_0.5.2.orig.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 26055 100 26055 0 0 20738 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 27455
dget: retrieving http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/r/ruby-childprocess/ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.debian.tar.xz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2892 100 2892 0 0 4183 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 8078
ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.dsc:
Good signature found
validating ruby-childprocess_0.5.2.orig.tar.gz
validating ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.debian.tar.xz
All files validated successfully.
gpgv: Signature made Seg 28 Abr 2014 18:03:27 BRT using RSA key ID 39CD217A
gpgv: Impossível verificar assinatura: chave pública não encontrada
dpkg-source: warning: failed to verify signature on ./ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.dsc
dpkg-source: info: extracting ruby-childprocess in ruby-childprocess-0.5.2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking ruby-childprocess_0.5.2.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: info: unpacking ruby-childprocess_0.5.2-1.debian.tar.xz
0 $
What happened here is that `dscverify` honoured our custom configuration above while `dpkg-source` is still relying on
the one available in the `debian-keyring` package.
Even if you remove the `debian-keyring` package, it will still fallback to your `$HOME/.gnupg/trustedkeys.gpg` which
you don't really want to fill with keys you actually haven't stablished a proper trust relationship.
As currently `dpkg-source` doesn't honour `GNUPGHOME` (see TODO for bugreport), all we can do currently is call `dget`
and `dpkg-source` with
HOME=/path/to/debian/keyring/ dpkg-source -x $package*dsc
HOME=/path/to/debian/keyring/ dget <remote-dsc>
For this trick to work, you'll need to run
make keyring
Again, you might set two handy aliases for your shell:
alias dpkg-source='HOME=/path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/ dpkg-source'
alias dget='HOME=/path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/ dget'
Optionally, as a last touch, import your own key into this keyring:
gpg --armor --export $KEYID | \
gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /path/to/debian/keyring/keyrings/.gnupg/trustedkeys.gpg --import
Then you might be happy... for a while :P
See also:
* `dscverify(1)` manpage.
* [Debian Public Key Server](http://keyring.debian.org/) and it's [workflow](https://keyring.debian.org/keyring-workflow.html).
* [apt get - How to get apt-get source verification working? - Super User](https://superuser.com/questions/626810/how-to-get-apt-get-source-verification-working).
* [Debian. How can I securely get debian-archive-keyring, so that I can do an apt-get update? NO_PUBKEY - Server Fault](http://serverfault.com/questions/337278/debian-how-can-i-securely-get-debian-archive-keyring-so-that-i-can-do-an-apt-g/337283#337283).
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