Merge tag '1.8.11' of git://github.com/Elgg/Elgg

Elgg 1.8.11 release

51 files changed, 682 insertions, 390 deletions

diff --git a/CHANGES.txt b/CHANGES.txt
index 5eb9aca0d..ca1bdc675 100644
--- a/CHANGES.txt
+++ b/CHANGES.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,38 @@
+Version 1.8.11
+(December 5th, 2012 from https://github.com/Elgg/Elgg/tree/1.8)
+
+  Bugfix:
+   * Fixed fatal error in group creation form
+
+
+Version 1.8.10
+(December 4th, 2012 from https://github.com/Elgg/Elgg/tree/1.8)
+
+  Contributing Developers:
+   * Krzysztof Różalski
+   * Lars Hærvig
+   * Paweł Sroka
+   * RiverVanRain
+   * Sem
+   * Steve Clay
+
+  Security Enhancements:
+   * Cached metadata respects access restrictions to fix problems with profile
+     field display.
+   * Group RSS feeds are restricted to valid entities
+
+  Enhancements:
+   * UX: Added a list of Administrators in the admin area
+   * UX: Limiting message board activity stream entries to excerpts
+   * Performance: Prefetching river entries
+   * Performance: Plugin entities are cached
+
+  Bugfixes:
+   * Removed superfluous commas in JS files to fix IE compatibility.
+   * API: Fixed Twitter API.
+   * Performance: Outputting valid ETags and expires headers.
+
+
 Version 1.8.9
 (November 11, 2012 from https://github.com/Elgg/Elgg/tree/1.8)
 
diff --git a/actions/register.php b/actions/register.php
index f23d5b381..810ceaf27 100644
--- a/actions/register.php
+++ b/actions/register.php
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ if (elgg_get_config('allow_registration')) {
 		$guid = register_user($username, $password, $name, $email, false, $friend_guid, $invitecode);
 
 		if ($guid) {
-			elgg_clear_sticky_form('register');
-			
 			$new_user = get_entity($guid);
 
 			// allow plugins to respond to self registration
@@ -54,6 +52,7 @@ if (elgg_get_config('allow_registration')) {
 				throw new RegistrationException(elgg_echo('registerbad'));
 			}
 
+			elgg_clear_sticky_form('register');
 			system_message(elgg_echo("registerok", array(elgg_get_site_entity()->name)));
 
 			// if exception thrown, this probably means there is a validation
@@ -76,4 +75,4 @@ if (elgg_get_config('allow_registration')) {
 	register_error(elgg_echo('registerdisabled'));
 }
 
-forward(REFERER);
\ No newline at end of file
+forward(REFERER);
diff --git a/engine/classes/ElggPAM.php b/engine/classes/ElggPAM.php
index 0681a909b..f07095fc1 100644
--- a/engine/classes/ElggPAM.php
+++ b/engine/classes/ElggPAM.php
@@ -53,11 +53,17 @@ class ElggPAM {
 
 		foreach ($_PAM_HANDLERS[$this->policy] as $k => $v) {
 			$handler = $v->handler;
+			if (!is_callable($handler)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* @var callable $handler */
+
 			$importance = $v->importance;
 
 			try {
 				// Execute the handler
-				$result = $handler($credentials);
+				// @todo don't assume $handler is a global function
+				$result = call_user_func($handler, $credentials);
 				if ($result) {
 					$authenticated = true;
 				} elseif ($result === false) {
diff --git a/engine/classes/ElggPlugin.php b/engine/classes/ElggPlugin.php
index 3e43c8e81..c6ce2905f 100644
--- a/engine/classes/ElggPlugin.php
+++ b/engine/classes/ElggPlugin.php
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ class ElggPlugin extends ElggObject {
 	 * @warning Unlike other ElggEntity objects, you cannot null instantiate
 	 *          ElggPlugin. You must point it to an actual plugin GUID or location.
 	 *
-	 * @param mixed $plugin The GUID of the ElggPlugin object or the path of
-	 *                      the plugin to load.
+	 * @param mixed $plugin The GUID of the ElggPlugin object or the path of the plugin to load.
+	 *
+	 * @throws PluginException
 	 */
 	public function __construct($plugin) {
 		if (!$plugin) {
@@ -76,6 +77,8 @@ class ElggPlugin extends ElggObject {
 			// load the rest of the plugin
 			parent::__construct($existing_guid);
 		}
+
+		_elgg_cache_plugin_by_id($this);
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/engine/classes/ElggVolatileMetadataCache.php b/engine/classes/ElggVolatileMetadataCache.php
index 24ae58d42..8a33c198d 100644
--- a/engine/classes/ElggVolatileMetadataCache.php
+++ b/engine/classes/ElggVolatileMetadataCache.php
@@ -279,6 +279,9 @@ class ElggVolatileMetadataCache {
 			),
 			'selects' => array('n.string AS name', 'v.string AS value'),
 			'order_by' => 'n_table.entity_guid, n_table.time_created ASC',
+
+			// @todo don't know why this is necessary
+			'wheres' => array(get_access_sql_suffix('n_table')),
 		);
 		$data = elgg_get_metadata($options);
 
diff --git a/engine/handlers/cache_handler.php b/engine/handlers/cache_handler.php
index b332ec379..7706c2c92 100644
--- a/engine/handlers/cache_handler.php
+++ b/engine/handlers/cache_handler.php
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ts = $matches[4];
 
 // If is the same ETag, content didn't changed.
 $etag = $ts;
-if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == $etag) {
+if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == "\"$etag\"") {
 	header("HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified");
 	exit;
 }
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ switch ($type) {
 		break;
 }
 
-header('Expires: ' . date('r', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
+header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
 header("Pragma: public", true);
 header("Cache-Control: public", true);
-header("ETag: $etag");
+header("ETag: \"$etag\"");
 
 $filename = $dataroot . 'views_simplecache/' . md5($viewtype . $view);
 
diff --git a/engine/lib/access.php b/engine/lib/access.php
index e8b3b0d52..3b2b7aeaa 100644
--- a/engine/lib/access.php
+++ b/engine/lib/access.php
@@ -88,11 +88,7 @@ function get_access_array($user_id = 0, $site_id = 0, $flush = false) {
 
 	// @todo everything from the db is cached.
 	// this cache might be redundant. But db cache is flushed on every db write.
-	static $access_array;
-
-	if (!isset($access_array)) {
-		$access_array = array();
-	}
+	static $access_array = array();
 
 	if ($user_id == 0) {
 		$user_id = elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid();
@@ -476,7 +472,7 @@ function can_edit_access_collection($collection_id, $user_guid = null) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	$write_access = get_write_access_array($user->getGUID(), null, true);
+	$write_access = get_write_access_array($user->getGUID(), 0, true);
 
 	// don't ignore access when checking users.
 	if ($user_guid) {
@@ -560,8 +556,6 @@ function create_access_collection($name, $owner_guid = 0, $site_guid = 0) {
  * @see remove_user_from_access_collection()
  */
 function update_access_collection($collection_id, $members) {
-	global $CONFIG;
-
 	$acl = get_access_collection($collection_id);
 
 	if (!$acl) {
@@ -1018,6 +1012,7 @@ function elgg_override_permissions($hook, $type, $value, $params) {
  */
 function access_test($hook, $type, $value, $params) {
 	global $CONFIG;
+
 	$value[] = $CONFIG->path . 'engine/tests/api/access_collections.php';
 	return $value;
 }
diff --git a/engine/lib/admin.php b/engine/lib/admin.php
index b65d98c95..3f23f079c 100644
--- a/engine/lib/admin.php
+++ b/engine/lib/admin.php
@@ -268,8 +268,9 @@ function admin_init() {
 	// users
 	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'users', null, 20);
 	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'online', 'users', 10);
-	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'newest', 'users', 20);
-	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'add', 'users', 30);
+	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'admins', 'users', 20);
+	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'newest', 'users', 30);
+	elgg_register_admin_menu_item('administer', 'add', 'users', 40);
 
 	// configure
 	// plugins
diff --git a/engine/lib/configuration.php b/engine/lib/configuration.php
index 305aa00b6..b10e51130 100644
--- a/engine/lib/configuration.php
+++ b/engine/lib/configuration.php
@@ -91,23 +91,29 @@ function elgg_get_config($name, $site_guid = 0) {
 		return $CONFIG->$name;
 	}
 
-	if ($site_guid === NULL) {
+	if ($site_guid === null) {
 		// installation wide setting
 		$value = datalist_get($name);
 	} else {
-		// site specific setting
-		if ($site_guid == 0) {
-			$site_guid = (int) $CONFIG->site_id;
+		// hit DB only if we're not sure if value exists or not
+		if (!isset($CONFIG->site_config_loaded)) {
+			// site specific setting
+			if ($site_guid == 0) {
+				$site_guid = (int) $CONFIG->site_id;
+			}
+			$value = get_config($name, $site_guid);
+		} else {
+			$value = null;
 		}
-		$value = get_config($name, $site_guid);
 	}
 
-	if ($value !== false) {
-		$CONFIG->$name = $value;
-		return $value;
+	// @todo document why we don't cache false
+	if ($value === false) {
+		return null;
 	}
 
-	return null;
+	$CONFIG->$name = $value;
+	return $value;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -558,6 +564,8 @@ function _elgg_load_site_config() {
 	$CONFIG->url = $CONFIG->wwwroot;
 
 	get_all_config();
+	// gives hint to elgg_get_config function how to approach missing values
+	$CONFIG->site_config_loaded = true;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/engine/lib/elgglib.php b/engine/lib/elgglib.php
index 26c1cccfd..dd3cba25d 100644
--- a/engine/lib/elgglib.php
+++ b/engine/lib/elgglib.php
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ function elgg_register_event_handler($event, $object_type, $callback, $priority
 	global $CONFIG;
 
 	if (empty($event) || empty($object_type)) {
-		return FALSE;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->events)) {
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ function elgg_register_event_handler($event, $object_type, $callback, $priority
 		$CONFIG->events[$event][$object_type] = array();
 	}
 
-	if (!is_callable($callback)) {
-		return FALSE;
+	if (!is_callable($callback, true)) {
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	$priority = max((int) $priority, 0);
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ function elgg_register_event_handler($event, $object_type, $callback, $priority
 	}
 	$CONFIG->events[$event][$object_type][$priority] = $callback;
 	ksort($CONFIG->events[$event][$object_type]);
-	return TRUE;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -770,14 +770,14 @@ function elgg_trigger_event($event, $object_type, $object = null) {
 	foreach ($events as $callback_list) {
 		if (is_array($callback_list)) {
 			foreach ($callback_list as $callback) {
-				if (call_user_func_array($callback, $args) === FALSE) {
-					return FALSE;
+				if (is_callable($callback) && (call_user_func_array($callback, $args) === false)) {
+					return false;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return TRUE;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ function elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler($hook, $type, $callback, $priority =
 	global $CONFIG;
 
 	if (empty($hook) || empty($type)) {
-		return FALSE;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->hooks)) {
@@ -863,8 +863,8 @@ function elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler($hook, $type, $callback, $priority =
 		$CONFIG->hooks[$hook][$type] = array();
 	}
 
-	if (!is_callable($callback)) {
-		return FALSE;
+	if (!is_callable($callback, true)) {
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	$priority = max((int) $priority, 0);
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ function elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler($hook, $type, $callback, $priority =
 	}
 	$CONFIG->hooks[$hook][$type][$priority] = $callback;
 	ksort($CONFIG->hooks[$hook][$type]);
-	return TRUE;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -970,10 +970,12 @@ function elgg_trigger_plugin_hook($hook, $type, $params = null, $returnvalue = n
 	foreach ($hooks as $callback_list) {
 		if (is_array($callback_list)) {
 			foreach ($callback_list as $hookcallback) {
-				$args = array($hook, $type, $returnvalue, $params);
-				$temp_return_value = call_user_func_array($hookcallback, $args);
-				if (!is_null($temp_return_value)) {
-					$returnvalue = $temp_return_value;
+				if (is_callable($hookcallback)) {
+					$args = array($hook, $type, $returnvalue, $params);
+					$temp_return_value = call_user_func_array($hookcallback, $args);
+					if (!is_null($temp_return_value)) {
+						$returnvalue = $temp_return_value;
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1883,7 +1885,7 @@ function elgg_cacheable_view_page_handler($page, $type) {
 		header("Content-type: $content_type");
 
 		// @todo should js be cached when simple cache turned off
-		//header('Expires: ' . date('r', time() + 864000));
+		//header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+10 days")), true);
 		//header("Pragma: public");
 		//header("Cache-Control: public");
 		//header("Content-Length: " . strlen($return));
diff --git a/engine/lib/entities.php b/engine/lib/entities.php
index a50567d9f..fda554388 100644
--- a/engine/lib/entities.php
+++ b/engine/lib/entities.php
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ global $ENTITY_CACHE;
 $ENTITY_CACHE = array();
 
 /**
- * Cache subtypes and related class names once loaded.
+ * Cache subtypes and related class names.
  *
- * @global array $SUBTYPE_CACHE
+ * @global array|null $SUBTYPE_CACHE array once populated from DB, initially null
  * @access private
  */
 global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
-$SUBTYPE_CACHE = NULL;
+$SUBTYPE_CACHE = null;
 
 /**
  * Invalidate this class's entry in the cache.
@@ -59,16 +59,24 @@ function invalidate_cache_for_entity($guid) {
 function cache_entity(ElggEntity $entity) {
 	global $ENTITY_CACHE;
 
-	// Don't cache entities while access control is off, otherwise they could be
+	// Don't cache non-plugin entities while access control is off, otherwise they could be
 	// exposed to users who shouldn't see them when control is re-enabled.
-	if (elgg_get_ignore_access()) {
+	if (!($entity instanceof ElggPlugin) && elgg_get_ignore_access()) {
 		return;
 	}
 
 	// Don't store too many or we'll have memory problems
 	// TODO(evan): Pick a less arbitrary limit
 	if (count($ENTITY_CACHE) > 256) {
-		unset($ENTITY_CACHE[array_rand($ENTITY_CACHE)]);
+		$random_guid = array_rand($ENTITY_CACHE);
+
+		unset($ENTITY_CACHE[$random_guid]);
+
+		// Purge separate metadata cache. Original idea was to do in entity destructor, but that would
+		// have caused a bunch of unnecessary purges at every shutdown. Doing it this way we have no way
+		// to know that the expunged entity will be GCed (might be another reference living), but that's
+		// OK; the metadata will reload if necessary.
+		elgg_get_metadata_cache()->clear($random_guid);
 	}
 
 	$ENTITY_CACHE[$entity->guid] = $entity;
@@ -87,8 +95,6 @@ function cache_entity(ElggEntity $entity) {
 function retrieve_cached_entity($guid) {
 	global $ENTITY_CACHE;
 
-	$guid = (int)$guid;
-
 	if (isset($ENTITY_CACHE[$guid])) {
 		if ($ENTITY_CACHE[$guid]->isFullyLoaded()) {
 			return $ENTITY_CACHE[$guid];
@@ -148,29 +154,23 @@ function retrieve_cached_entity_row($guid) {
  * @access private
  */
 function get_subtype_id($type, $subtype) {
-	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
+	global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
-	$type = sanitise_string($type);
-	$subtype = sanitise_string($subtype);
-
-	if ($subtype == "") {
-		return FALSE;
+	if (!$subtype) {
+		return false;
 	}
 
-	// @todo use the cache before hitting database
-	$result = get_data_row("SELECT * from {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes
-		where type='$type' and subtype='$subtype'");
-
-	if ($result) {
-		if (!$SUBTYPE_CACHE) {
-			$SUBTYPE_CACHE = array();
-		}
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
+	}
 
-		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$result->id] = $result;
+	// use the cache before hitting database
+	$result = _elgg_retrieve_cached_subtype($type, $subtype);
+	if ($result !== null) {
 		return $result->id;
 	}
 
-	return FALSE;
+	return false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -178,35 +178,67 @@ function get_subtype_id($type, $subtype) {
  *
  * @param int $subtype_id Subtype ID
  *
- * @return string Subtype name
+ * @return string|false Subtype name, false if subtype not found
  * @link http://docs.elgg.org/DataModel/Entities/Subtypes
  * @see get_subtype_from_id()
  * @access private
  */
 function get_subtype_from_id($subtype_id) {
-	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
-
-	$subtype_id = (int)$subtype_id;
+	global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
 	if (!$subtype_id) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
+	}
+
 	if (isset($SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id])) {
 		return $SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id]->subtype;
 	}
 
-	$result = get_data_row("SELECT * from {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes where id=$subtype_id");
-	if ($result) {
-		if (!$SUBTYPE_CACHE) {
-			$SUBTYPE_CACHE = array();
-		}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve subtype from the cache.
+ *
+ * @param string $type
+ * @param string $subtype
+ * @return stdClass|null
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+function _elgg_retrieve_cached_subtype($type, $subtype) {
+	global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
-		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id] = $result;
-		return $result->subtype;
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
 	}
 
-	return false;
+	foreach ($SUBTYPE_CACHE as $obj) {
+		if ($obj->type === $type && $obj->subtype === $subtype) {
+			return $obj;
+		}
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetch all suptypes from DB to local cache.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+function _elgg_populate_subtype_cache() {
+	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
+	
+	$results = get_data("SELECT * FROM {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes");
+	
+	$SUBTYPE_CACHE = array();
+	foreach ($results as $row) {
+		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$row->id] = $row;
+	}
 }
 
 /**
@@ -225,25 +257,19 @@ function get_subtype_from_id($subtype_id) {
  * @access private
  */
 function get_subtype_class($type, $subtype) {
-	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
-
-	$type = sanitise_string($type);
-	$subtype = sanitise_string($subtype);
-
-	// @todo use the cache before going to the database
-	$result = get_data_row("SELECT * from {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes
-		where type='$type' and subtype='$subtype'");
+	global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
-	if ($result) {
-		if (!$SUBTYPE_CACHE) {
-			$SUBTYPE_CACHE = array();
-		}
-
-		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$result->id] = $result;
-		return $result->class;
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
+	}
+	
+	// use the cache before going to the database
+	$obj = _elgg_retrieve_cached_subtype($type, $subtype);
+	if ($obj) {
+		return $obj->class;
 	}
 
-	return NULL;
+	return null;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -257,29 +283,21 @@ function get_subtype_class($type, $subtype) {
  * @access private
  */
 function get_subtype_class_from_id($subtype_id) {
-	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
-
-	$subtype_id = (int)$subtype_id;
+	global $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
 	if (!$subtype_id) {
-		return false;
+		return null;
 	}
 
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
+	}
+	
 	if (isset($SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id])) {
 		return $SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id]->class;
 	}
 
-	$result = get_data_row("SELECT * from {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes where id=$subtype_id");
-
-	if ($result) {
-		if (!$SUBTYPE_CACHE) {
-			$SUBTYPE_CACHE = array();
-		}
-		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$subtype_id] = $result;
-		return $result->class;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
+	return null;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -305,21 +323,32 @@ function get_subtype_class_from_id($subtype_id) {
  * @see get_entity()
  */
 function add_subtype($type, $subtype, $class = "") {
-	global $CONFIG;
-	$type = sanitise_string($type);
-	$subtype = sanitise_string($subtype);
-	$class = sanitise_string($class);
+	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
-	// Short circuit if no subtype is given
-	if ($subtype == "") {
+	if (!$subtype) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	$id = get_subtype_id($type, $subtype);
 
-	if ($id == 0) {
-		return insert_data("insert into {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes"
-			. " (type, subtype, class) values ('$type','$subtype','$class')");
+	if (!$id) {
+		// In cache we store non-SQL-escaped strings because that's what's returned by query
+		$cache_obj = (object) array(
+			'type' => $type,
+			'subtype' => $subtype,
+			'class' => $class,
+		);
+
+		$type = sanitise_string($type);
+		$subtype = sanitise_string($subtype);
+		$class = sanitise_string($class);
+
+		$id = insert_data("INSERT INTO {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes"
+			. " (type, subtype, class) VALUES ('$type', '$subtype', '$class')");
+		
+		// add entry to cache
+		$cache_obj->id = $id;
+		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$id] = $cache_obj;
 	}
 
 	return $id;
@@ -361,22 +390,31 @@ function remove_subtype($type, $subtype) {
 function update_subtype($type, $subtype, $class = '') {
 	global $CONFIG, $SUBTYPE_CACHE;
 
-	if (!$id = get_subtype_id($type, $subtype)) {
-		return FALSE;
+	$id = get_subtype_id($type, $subtype);
+	if (!$id) {
+		return false;
 	}
+
+	if ($SUBTYPE_CACHE === null) {
+		_elgg_populate_subtype_cache();
+	}
+
+	$unescaped_class = $class;
+
 	$type = sanitise_string($type);
 	$subtype = sanitise_string($subtype);
-
-	$result = update_data("UPDATE {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes
+	$class = sanitise_string($class);
+	
+	$success = update_data("UPDATE {$CONFIG->dbprefix}entity_subtypes
 		SET type = '$type', subtype = '$subtype', class = '$class'
 		WHERE id = $id
 	");
 
-	if ($result && isset($SUBTYPE_CACHE[$id])) {
-		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$id]->class = $class;
+	if ($success && isset($SUBTYPE_CACHE[$id])) {
+		$SUBTYPE_CACHE[$id]->class = $unescaped_class;
 	}
 
-	return $result;
+	return $success;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1772,7 +1810,7 @@ function oddentity_to_elggentity(ODDEntity $element) {
 	if (!$tmp) {
 		// Construct new class with owner from session
 		$classname = get_subtype_class($class, $subclass);
-		if ($classname != "") {
+		if ($classname) {
 			if (class_exists($classname)) {
 				$tmp = new $classname();
 
@@ -1838,7 +1876,7 @@ function oddentity_to_elggentity(ODDEntity $element) {
 function import_entity_plugin_hook($hook, $entity_type, $returnvalue, $params) {
 	$element = $params['element'];
 
-	$tmp = NULL;
+	$tmp = null;
 
 	if ($element instanceof ODDEntity) {
 		$tmp = oddentity_to_elggentity($element);
@@ -2011,7 +2049,7 @@ function get_entity_url($entity_guid) {
 function elgg_register_entity_url_handler($entity_type, $entity_subtype, $function_name) {
 	global $CONFIG;
 
-	if (!is_callable($function_name)) {
+	if (!is_callable($function_name, true)) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
diff --git a/engine/lib/extender.php b/engine/lib/extender.php
index 43421342c..538f601e1 100644
--- a/engine/lib/extender.php
+++ b/engine/lib/extender.php
@@ -136,14 +136,15 @@ function can_edit_extender($extender_id, $type, $user_guid = 0) {
 
 	$functionname = "elgg_get_{$type}_from_id";
 	if (is_callable($functionname)) {
-		$extender = $functionname($extender_id);
+		$extender = call_user_func($functionname, $extender_id);
 	} else {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (!is_a($extender, "ElggExtender")) {
+	if (!($extender instanceof ElggExtender)) {
 		return false;
 	}
+	/* @var ElggExtender $extender */
 
 	// If the owner is the specified user, great! They can edit.
 	if ($extender->getOwnerGUID() == $user->getGUID()) {
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ function elgg_register_extender_url_handler($extender_type, $extender_name, $fun
 
 	global $CONFIG;
 
-	if (!is_callable($function_name)) {
+	if (!is_callable($function_name, true)) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ function get_extender_url(ElggExtender $extender) {
 	if ($url == "") {
 		$nameid = $extender->id;
 		if ($type == 'volatile') {
-			$nameid == $extender->name;
+			$nameid = $extender->name;
 		}
 		$url = "export/$view/$guid/$type/$nameid/";
 	}
diff --git a/engine/lib/notification.php b/engine/lib/notification.php
index 18faff27f..9e3c075a8 100644
--- a/engine/lib/notification.php
+++ b/engine/lib/notification.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ $NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS = array();
 function register_notification_handler($method, $handler, $params = NULL) {
 	global $NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS;
 
-	if (is_callable($handler)) {
+	if (is_callable($handler, true)) {
 		$NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS[$method] = new stdClass;
 
 		$NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS[$method]->handler = $handler;
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@ function notify_user($to, $from, $subject, $message, array $params = NULL, $meth
 					// Extract method details from list
 					$details = $NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS[$method];
 					$handler = $details->handler;
+					/* @var callable $handler */
 
-					if ((!$NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS[$method]) || (!$handler)) {
+					if ((!$NOTIFICATION_HANDLERS[$method]) || (!$handler) || (!is_callable($handler))) {
 						error_log(elgg_echo('NotificationException:NoHandlerFound', array($method)));
 					}
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ function notify_user($to, $from, $subject, $message, array $params = NULL, $meth
 
 					// Trigger handler and retrieve result.
 					try {
-						$result[$guid][$method] = $handler(
+						$result[$guid][$method] = call_user_func($handler,
 							$from ? get_entity($from) : NULL, 	// From entity
 							get_entity($guid), 					// To entity
 							$subject,							// The subject
diff --git a/engine/lib/pagehandler.php b/engine/lib/pagehandler.php
index ba7518a77..0cf99b6fe 100644
--- a/engine/lib/pagehandler.php
+++ b/engine/lib/pagehandler.php
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ function page_handler($handler, $page) {
 	$page = $request['segments'];
 
 	$result = false;
-	if (isset($CONFIG->pagehandler) && !empty($handler) && isset($CONFIG->pagehandler[$handler])) {
+	if (isset($CONFIG->pagehandler)
+			&& !empty($handler)
+			&& isset($CONFIG->pagehandler[$handler])
+			&& is_callable($CONFIG->pagehandler[$handler])) {
 		$function = $CONFIG->pagehandler[$handler];
 		$result = call_user_func($function, $page, $handler);
 	}
@@ -76,14 +79,15 @@ function page_handler($handler, $page) {
  * @param string $handler  The page type to handle
  * @param string $function Your function name
  *
- * @return true|false Depending on success
+ * @return bool Depending on success
  */
 function elgg_register_page_handler($handler, $function) {
 	global $CONFIG;
+
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->pagehandler)) {
 		$CONFIG->pagehandler = array();
 	}
-	if (is_callable($function)) {
+	if (is_callable($function, true)) {
 		$CONFIG->pagehandler[$handler] = $function;
 		return true;
 	}
diff --git a/engine/lib/pam.php b/engine/lib/pam.php
index 4f9f44278..1c9c3bfe1 100644
--- a/engine/lib/pam.php
+++ b/engine/lib/pam.php
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ $_PAM_HANDLERS = array();
  * failure, return false or throw an exception. Returning nothing indicates that
  * the handler wants to be skipped.
  *
- * @param string $handler    The handler function in the format
+ * Note, $handler must be string callback (not an array/Closure).
+ *
+ * @param string $handler    Callable global handler function in the format ()
  * 		                     pam_handler($credentials = NULL);
  * @param string $importance The importance - "sufficient" (default) or "required"
  * @param string $policy     The policy type, default is "user"
@@ -45,7 +47,8 @@ function register_pam_handler($handler, $importance = "sufficient", $policy = "u
 		$_PAM_HANDLERS[$policy] = array();
 	}
 
-	if (is_callable($handler)) {
+	// @todo remove requirement that $handle be a global function
+	if (is_string($handler) && is_callable($handler, true)) {
 		$_PAM_HANDLERS[$policy][$handler] = new stdClass;
 
 		$_PAM_HANDLERS[$policy][$handler]->handler = $handler;
diff --git a/engine/lib/plugins.php b/engine/lib/plugins.php
index d5cd4fe76..ca4a957f4 100644
--- a/engine/lib/plugins.php
+++ b/engine/lib/plugins.php
@@ -176,6 +176,19 @@ function elgg_generate_plugin_entities() {
 }
 
 /**
+ * Cache a reference to this plugin by its ID
+ * 
+ * @param ElggPlugin $plugin
+ * 
+ * @access private
+ */
+function _elgg_cache_plugin_by_id(ElggPlugin $plugin) {
+	$map = (array) elgg_get_config('plugins_by_id_map');
+	$map[$plugin->getID()] = $plugin;
+	elgg_set_config('plugins_by_id_map', $map);
+}
+
+/**
  * Returns an ElggPlugin object with the path $path.
  *
  * @param string $plugin_id The id (dir name) of the plugin. NOT the guid.
@@ -183,6 +196,11 @@ function elgg_generate_plugin_entities() {
  * @since 1.8.0
  */
 function elgg_get_plugin_from_id($plugin_id) {
+	$map = (array) elgg_get_config('plugins_by_id_map');
+	if (isset($map[$plugin_id])) {
+		return $map[$plugin_id];
+	}
+
 	$plugin_id = sanitize_string($plugin_id);
 	$db_prefix = get_config('dbprefix');
 
@@ -512,6 +530,8 @@ function elgg_namespace_plugin_private_setting($type, $name, $id = null) {
  * @return string|false Plugin name, or false if no plugin name was called
  * @since 1.8.0
  * @access private
+ *
+ * @todo get rid of this
  */
 function elgg_get_calling_plugin_id($mainfilename = false) {
 	if (!$mainfilename) {
@@ -920,6 +940,7 @@ function elgg_set_plugin_setting($name, $value, $plugin_id = null) {
  *
  * @return mixed
  * @since 1.8.0
+ * @todo make $plugin_id required in future version
  */
 function elgg_get_plugin_setting($name, $plugin_id = null) {
 	if ($plugin_id) {
diff --git a/engine/lib/relationships.php b/engine/lib/relationships.php
index 09d541e22..01654b1ce 100644
--- a/engine/lib/relationships.php
+++ b/engine/lib/relationships.php
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ function elgg_list_entities_from_relationship_count($options) {
 function elgg_register_relationship_url_handler($relationship_type, $function_name) {
 	global $CONFIG;
 
-	if (!is_callable($function_name)) {
+	if (!is_callable($function_name, true)) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
diff --git a/engine/lib/river.php b/engine/lib/river.php
index b717a7756..33f34360e 100644
--- a/engine/lib/river.php
+++ b/engine/lib/river.php
@@ -361,6 +361,7 @@ function elgg_get_river(array $options = array()) {
 		}
 
 		$river_items = get_data($query, 'elgg_row_to_elgg_river_item');
+		_elgg_prefetch_river_entities($river_items);
 
 		return $river_items;
 	} else {
@@ -370,11 +371,56 @@ function elgg_get_river(array $options = array()) {
 }
 
 /**
+ * Prefetch entities that will be displayed in the river.
+ *
+ * @param ElggRiverItem[] $river_items
+ * @access private
+ */
+function _elgg_prefetch_river_entities(array $river_items) {
+	// prefetch objects and subjects
+	$guids = array();
+	foreach ($river_items as $item) {
+		if ($item->subject_guid && !retrieve_cached_entity($item->subject_guid)) {
+			$guids[$item->subject_guid] = true;
+		}
+		if ($item->object_guid && !retrieve_cached_entity($item->object_guid)) {
+			$guids[$item->object_guid] = true;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($guids) {
+		// avoid creating oversized query
+		// @todo how to better handle this?
+		$guids = array_slice($guids, 0, 300, true);
+		// return value unneeded, just priming cache
+		elgg_get_entities(array(
+			'guids' => array_keys($guids),
+			'limit' => 0,
+		));
+	}
+
+	// prefetch object containers
+	$guids = array();
+	foreach ($river_items as $item) {
+		$object = $item->getObjectEntity();
+		if ($object->container_guid && !retrieve_cached_entity($object->container_guid)) {
+			$guids[$object->container_guid] = true;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($guids) {
+		$guids = array_slice($guids, 0, 300, true);
+		elgg_get_entities(array(
+			'guids' => array_keys($guids),
+			'limit' => 0,
+		));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
  * List river items
  *
  * @param array $options Any options from elgg_get_river() plus:
  * 	 pagination => BOOL Display pagination links (true)
-
+ *
  * @return string
  * @since 1.8.0
  */
diff --git a/engine/lib/views.php b/engine/lib/views.php
index b92d9c57a..e24ccb942 100644
--- a/engine/lib/views.php
+++ b/engine/lib/views.php
@@ -101,15 +101,15 @@ function elgg_get_viewtype() {
 		return $CURRENT_SYSTEM_VIEWTYPE;
 	}
 
-	$viewtype = get_input('view', NULL);
-	if ($viewtype) {
+	$viewtype = get_input('view', '', false);
+	if (is_string($viewtype) && $viewtype !== '') {
 		// only word characters allowed.
-		if (!preg_match('[\W]', $viewtype)) {
+		if (!preg_match('/\W/', $viewtype)) {
 			return $viewtype;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (isset($CONFIG->view) && !empty($CONFIG->view)) {
+	if (!empty($CONFIG->view)) {
 		return $CONFIG->view;
 	}
 
@@ -258,8 +258,6 @@ function elgg_get_view_location($view, $viewtype = '') {
 	} else {
 		return $CONFIG->views->locations[$viewtype][$view];
 	}
-
-	return false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -329,7 +327,7 @@ function elgg_view_exists($view, $viewtype = '', $recurse = true) {
 		$location = $CONFIG->views->locations[$viewtype][$view];
 	}
 
-	if (file_exists($location . "{$viewtype}/{$view}.php")) {
+	if (file_exists("{$location}{$viewtype}/{$view}.php")) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -378,7 +376,7 @@ function elgg_view_exists($view, $viewtype = '', $recurse = true) {
  * @param boolean $bypass   If set to true, elgg_view will bypass any specified
  *                          alternative template handler; by default, it will
  *                          hand off to this if requested (see set_template_handler)
- * @param boolean $debug    If set to true, the viewer will complain if it can't find a view
+ * @param boolean $ignored  This argument is ignored and will be removed eventually
  * @param string  $viewtype If set, forces the viewtype for the elgg_view call to be
  *                          this value (default: standard detection)
  *
@@ -386,18 +384,30 @@ function elgg_view_exists($view, $viewtype = '', $recurse = true) {
  * @see set_template_handler()
  * @example views/elgg_view.php
  * @link http://docs.elgg.org/View
- * @todo $debug isn't used.
- * @todo $usercache is redundant.
  */
-function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $viewtype = '') {
+function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $ignored = false, $viewtype = '') {
 	global $CONFIG;
-	static $usercache;
-
-	$view = (string)$view;
 
+	if (!is_string($view) || !is_string($viewtype)) {
+		elgg_log("View and Viewtype in views must be a strings: $view", 'NOTICE');
+		return '';
+	}
 	// basic checking for bad paths
 	if (strpos($view, '..') !== false) {
-		return false;
+		return '';
+	}
+
+	if (!is_array($vars)) {
+		elgg_log("Vars in views must be an array: $view", 'ERROR');
+		$vars = array();
+	}
+
+	// Get the current viewtype
+	if ($viewtype === '') {
+		$viewtype = elgg_get_viewtype();
+	} elseif (preg_match('/\W/', $viewtype)) {
+		// Viewtypes can only be alphanumeric
+		return '';
 	}
 
 	$view_orig = $view;
@@ -408,19 +418,6 @@ function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $vie
 		elgg_trigger_event('pagesetup', 'system');
 	}
 
-	if (!is_array($usercache)) {
-		$usercache = array();
-	}
-
-	if (!is_array($vars)) {
-		elgg_log("Vars in views must be an array: $view", 'ERROR');
-		$vars = array();
-	}
-
-	if (empty($vars)) {
-		$vars = array();
-	}
-
 	// @warning - plugin authors: do not expect user, config, and url to be
 	// set by elgg_view() in the future. Instead, use elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity(),
 	// elgg_get_config(), and elgg_get_site_url() in your views.
@@ -475,16 +472,6 @@ function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $vie
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Get the current viewtype
-	if (empty($viewtype)) {
-		$viewtype = elgg_get_viewtype();
-	}
-
-	// Viewtypes can only be alphanumeric
-	if (preg_match('[\W]', $viewtype)) {
-		return '';
-	}
-
 	// Set up any extensions to the requested view
 	if (isset($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view])) {
 		$viewlist = $CONFIG->views->extensions[$view];
@@ -496,19 +483,21 @@ function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $vie
 	ob_start();
 
 	foreach ($viewlist as $priority => $view) {
+
 		$view_location = elgg_get_view_location($view, $viewtype);
 		$view_file = "$view_location$viewtype/$view.php";
 
-		$default_location = elgg_get_view_location($view, 'default');
-		$default_view_file = "{$default_location}default/$view.php";
-
 		// try to include view
 		if (!file_exists($view_file) || !include($view_file)) {
 			// requested view does not exist
 			$error = "$viewtype/$view view does not exist.";
 
 			// attempt to load default view
-			if ($viewtype != 'default' && elgg_does_viewtype_fallback($viewtype)) {
+			if ($viewtype !== 'default' && elgg_does_viewtype_fallback($viewtype)) {
+
+				$default_location = elgg_get_view_location($view, 'default');
+				$default_view_file = "{$default_location}default/$view.php";
+
 				if (file_exists($default_view_file) && include($default_view_file)) {
 					// default view found
 					$error .= " Using default/$view instead.";
@@ -533,7 +522,7 @@ function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $vie
 	// backward compatibility with less granular hook will be gone in 2.0
 	$content_tmp = elgg_trigger_plugin_hook('display', 'view', $params, $content);
 
-	if ($content_tmp != $content) {
+	if ($content_tmp !== $content) {
 		$content = $content_tmp;
 		elgg_deprecated_notice('The display:view plugin hook is deprecated by view:view_name', 1.8);
 	}
@@ -559,33 +548,32 @@ function elgg_view($view, $vars = array(), $bypass = false, $debug = false, $vie
  * @param string $view_extension This view is added to $view
  * @param int    $priority       The priority, from 0 to 1000,
  *                               to add at (lowest numbers displayed first)
- * @param string $viewtype       Not used
  *
  * @return void
  * @since 1.7.0
  * @link http://docs.elgg.org/Views/Extend
  * @example views/extend.php
  */
-function elgg_extend_view($view, $view_extension, $priority = 501, $viewtype = '') {
+function elgg_extend_view($view, $view_extension, $priority = 501) {
 	global $CONFIG;
 
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->views)) {
-		$CONFIG->views = new stdClass;
-	}
-
-	if (!isset($CONFIG->views->extensions)) {
-		$CONFIG->views->extensions = array();
-	}
-
-	if (!isset($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view])) {
-		$CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][500] = "{$view}";
+		$CONFIG->views = (object) array(
+			'extensions' => array(),
+		);
+		$CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][500] = (string)$view;
+	} else {
+		if (!isset($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view])) {
+			$CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][500] = (string)$view;
+		}
 	}
 
+	// raise priority until it doesn't match one already registered
 	while (isset($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][$priority])) {
 		$priority++;
 	}
 
-	$CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][$priority] = "{$view_extension}";
+	$CONFIG->views->extensions[$view][$priority] = (string)$view_extension;
 	ksort($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view]);
 }
 
@@ -601,14 +589,6 @@ function elgg_extend_view($view, $view_extension, $priority = 501, $viewtype = '
 function elgg_unextend_view($view, $view_extension) {
 	global $CONFIG;
 
-	if (!isset($CONFIG->views)) {
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	if (!isset($CONFIG->views->extensions)) {
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->views->extensions[$view])) {
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -1105,10 +1085,6 @@ function elgg_view_annotation_list($annotations, array $vars = array()) {
  * @todo Change the hook name.
  */
 function elgg_view_entity_annotations(ElggEntity $entity, $full_view = true) {
-	if (!$entity) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	if (!($entity instanceof ElggEntity)) {
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1131,7 +1107,7 @@ function elgg_view_entity_annotations(ElggEntity $entity, $full_view = true) {
  * This is a shortcut for {@elgg_view page/elements/title}.
  *
  * @param string $title The page title
- * @param string $vars  View variables (was submenu be displayed? (deprecated))
+ * @param array $vars   View variables (was submenu be displayed? (deprecated))
  *
  * @return string The HTML (etc)
  */
@@ -1203,7 +1179,7 @@ function elgg_view_comments($entity, $add_comment = true, array $vars = array())
  *
  * @param string $image The icon and other information
  * @param string $body  Description content
- * @param string $vars  Additional parameters for the view
+ * @param array $vars   Additional parameters for the view
  *
  * @return string
  * @since 1.8.0
@@ -1230,7 +1206,6 @@ function elgg_view_image_block($image, $body, $vars = array()) {
  * @since 1.8.0
  */
 function elgg_view_module($type, $title, $body, array $vars = array()) {
-
 	$vars['class'] = elgg_extract('class', $vars, '') . " elgg-module-$type";
 	$vars['title'] = $title;
 	$vars['body'] = $body;
@@ -1243,11 +1218,15 @@ function elgg_view_module($type, $title, $body, array $vars = array()) {
  * @param ElggRiverItem $item A river item object
  * @param array         $vars An array of variables for the view
  *
- * @return string|false Depending on success
+ * @return string returns empty string if could not be rendered
  */
 function elgg_view_river_item($item, array $vars = array()) {
+	if (!($item instanceof ElggRiverItem)) {
+		return '';
+	}
 	// checking default viewtype since some viewtypes do not have unique views per item (rss)
-	if (!$item || !$item->getView() || !elgg_view_exists($item->getView(), 'default')) {
+	$view = $item->getView();
+	if (!$view || !elgg_view_exists($view, 'default')) {
 		return '';
 	}
 
@@ -1339,7 +1318,7 @@ function elgg_view_list_item($item, array $vars = array()) {
 		return elgg_view_river_item($item, $vars);
 	}
 
-	return false;
+	return '';
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1354,7 +1333,7 @@ function elgg_view_list_item($item, array $vars = array()) {
  */
 function elgg_view_icon($name, $class = '') {
 	// @todo deprecate boolean in Elgg 1.9
-	if (is_bool($class) && $class === true) {
+	if ($class === true) {
 		$class = 'float';
 	}
 	return "<span class=\"elgg-icon elgg-icon-$name $class\"></span>";
@@ -1403,7 +1382,8 @@ function elgg_view_access_collections($owner_guid) {
  */
 function set_template_handler($function_name) {
 	global $CONFIG;
-	if (!empty($function_name) && is_callable($function_name)) {
+
+	if (is_callable($function_name)) {
 		$CONFIG->template_handler = $function_name;
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -1516,17 +1496,13 @@ function elgg_view_tree($view_root, $viewtype = "") {
  * @param string $base_location_path The base views directory to use with elgg_set_view_location()
  * @param string $viewtype           The type of view we're looking at (default, rss, etc)
  *
- * @return void
+ * @return bool returns false if folder can't be read
  * @since 1.7.0
  * @see elgg_set_view_location()
  * @todo This seems overly complicated.
  * @access private
  */
 function autoregister_views($view_base, $folder, $base_location_path, $viewtype) {
-	if (!isset($i)) {
-		$i = 0;
-	}
-
 	if ($handle = opendir($folder)) {
 		while ($view = readdir($handle)) {
 			if (!in_array($view, array('.', '..', '.svn', 'CVS')) && !is_dir($folder . "/" . $view)) {
@@ -1608,16 +1584,15 @@ function elgg_views_handle_deprecated_views() {
 function elgg_views_boot() {
 	global $CONFIG;
 
-	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/elgg');
 	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/ie');
 	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/ie6');
 	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/ie7');
-	elgg_register_simplecache_view('js/elgg');
 
 	elgg_register_js('jquery', '/vendors/jquery/jquery-1.6.4.min.js', 'head');
 	elgg_register_js('jquery-ui', '/vendors/jquery/jquery-ui-1.8.16.min.js', 'head');
 	elgg_register_js('jquery.form', '/vendors/jquery/jquery.form.js');
-	
+
+	elgg_register_simplecache_view('js/elgg');
 	$elgg_js_url = elgg_get_simplecache_url('js', 'elgg');
 	elgg_register_js('elgg', $elgg_js_url, 'head');
 
@@ -1626,14 +1601,17 @@ function elgg_views_boot() {
 	elgg_load_js('elgg');
 
 	elgg_register_simplecache_view('js/lightbox');
-	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/lightbox');
 	$lightbox_js_url = elgg_get_simplecache_url('js', 'lightbox');
 	elgg_register_js('lightbox', $lightbox_js_url);
+
+	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/lightbox');
 	$lightbox_css_url = elgg_get_simplecache_url('css', 'lightbox');
 	elgg_register_css('lightbox', $lightbox_css_url);
 
+	elgg_register_simplecache_view('css/elgg');
 	$elgg_css_url = elgg_get_simplecache_url('css', 'elgg');
 	elgg_register_css('elgg', $elgg_css_url);
+
 	elgg_load_css('elgg');
 
 	elgg_register_ajax_view('js/languages');
@@ -1647,7 +1625,7 @@ function elgg_views_boot() {
 	$views = scandir($view_path);
 
 	foreach ($views as $view) {
-		if ('.' !== substr($view, 0, 1) && is_dir($view_path . $view)) {
+		if ($view[0] !== '.' && is_dir($view_path . $view)) {
 			elgg_register_viewtype($view);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/engine/lib/web_services.php b/engine/lib/web_services.php
index da3ed76a9..c8e4a13cc 100644
--- a/engine/lib/web_services.php
+++ b/engine/lib/web_services.php
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ function execute_method($method) {
 	$function = $API_METHODS[$method]["function"];
 	$serialised_parameters = trim($serialised_parameters, ", ");
 
+	// @todo document why we cannot use call_user_func_array here
 	$result = eval("return $function($serialised_parameters);");
 
 	// Sanity check result
@@ -1194,6 +1195,8 @@ $ERRORS = array();
  *
  * @return void
  * @access private
+ * 
+ * @throws Exception
  */
 function _php_api_error_handler($errno, $errmsg, $filename, $linenum, $vars) {
 	global $ERRORS;
@@ -1278,11 +1281,9 @@ function service_handler($handler, $request) {
 		// no handlers set or bad url
 		header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
 		exit;
-	} else if (isset($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler])
-	&& is_callable($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler])) {
-
+	} else if (isset($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler]) && is_callable($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler])) {
 		$function = $CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler];
-		$function($request, $handler);
+		call_user_func($function, $request, $handler);
 	} else {
 		// no handler for this web service
 		header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
@@ -1301,10 +1302,11 @@ function service_handler($handler, $request) {
  */
 function register_service_handler($handler, $function) {
 	global $CONFIG;
+
 	if (!isset($CONFIG->servicehandler)) {
 		$CONFIG->servicehandler = array();
 	}
-	if (is_callable($function)) {
+	if (is_callable($function, true)) {
 		$CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler] = $function;
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -1319,11 +1321,13 @@ function register_service_handler($handler, $function) {
  *
  * @param string $handler web services type
  *
- * @return 1.7.0
+ * @return void
+ * @since 1.7.0
  */
 function unregister_service_handler($handler) {
 	global $CONFIG;
-	if (isset($CONFIG->servicehandler) && isset($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler])) {
+
+	if (isset($CONFIG->servicehandler, $CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler])) {
 		unset($CONFIG->servicehandler[$handler]);
 	}
 }
@@ -1333,6 +1337,8 @@ function unregister_service_handler($handler) {
  *
  * @return void
  * @access private
+ *
+ * @throws SecurityException|APIException
  */
 function rest_handler() {
 	global $CONFIG;
@@ -1387,7 +1393,7 @@ function rest_handler() {
 /**
  * Unit tests for API
  *
- * @param sting  $hook   unit_test
+ * @param string  $hook   unit_test
  * @param string $type   system
  * @param mixed  $value  Array of tests
  * @param mixed  $params Params
@@ -1397,6 +1403,7 @@ function rest_handler() {
  */
 function api_unit_test($hook, $type, $value, $params) {
 	global $CONFIG;
+
 	$value[] = $CONFIG->path . 'engine/tests/services/api.php';
 	return $value;
 }
@@ -1418,15 +1425,18 @@ function api_init() {
 	elgg_echo("system.api.list"), "GET", false, false);
 
 	// The authentication token api
-	expose_function("auth.gettoken",
-					"auth_gettoken", array(
-											'username' => array ('type' => 'string'),
-											'password' => array ('type' => 'string'),
-											),
-					elgg_echo('auth.gettoken'),
-					'POST',
-					false,
-					false);
+	expose_function(
+		"auth.gettoken",
+		"auth_gettoken",
+		array(
+			'username' => array ('type' => 'string'),
+			'password' => array ('type' => 'string'),
+		),
+		elgg_echo('auth.gettoken'),
+		'POST',
+		false,
+		false
+	);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/engine/tests/api/metadata.php b/engine/tests/api/metadata.php
index 9933263d1..825290d80 100644
--- a/engine/tests/api/metadata.php
+++ b/engine/tests/api/metadata.php
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ class ElggCoreMetadataAPITest extends ElggCoreUnitTest {
 		$e = new ElggObject();
 		$e->save();
 
-		for ($i=0; $i<30; $i++) {
-			$name = "test_metadata" . rand(0, 10000);
+		for ($i = 0; $i < 30; $i++) {
+			$name = "test_metadata$i";
 			$e->$name = rand(0, 10000);
 		}
 
 		$options = array(
 			'guid' => $e->getGUID(),
-			'limit' => 0
+			'limit' => 0,
 		);
 
 		$md = elgg_get_metadata($options);
diff --git a/js/lib/ui.js b/js/lib/ui.js
index 616e71d54..2a4d269d6 100644
--- a/js/lib/ui.js
+++ b/js/lib/ui.js
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ elgg.ui.initDatePicker = function() {
 			dataType: "script",
 			cache: true,
 			success: loadDatePicker,
-			error: loadDatePicker, // english language is already loaded.
+			error: loadDatePicker // english language is already loaded.
 		});
 	}
 };
diff --git a/js/tests/ElggLibTest.js b/js/tests/ElggLibTest.js
index a29ebf743..2a676e22a 100644
--- a/js/tests/ElggLibTest.js
+++ b/js/tests/ElggLibTest.js
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ ElggLibTest.prototype.testNormalizeUrl = function() {
 		['/mod/plugin/file.php', elgg.config.wwwroot + 'mod/plugin/file.php'],
 		['/mod/plugin/file.php?p=v&p2=v2', elgg.config.wwwroot + 'mod/plugin/file.php?p=v&p2=v2'],
 		['/rootfile.php', elgg.config.wwwroot + 'rootfile.php'],
-		['/rootfile.php?p=v&p2=v2', elgg.config.wwwroot + 'rootfile.php?p=v&p2=v2'],
+		['/rootfile.php?p=v&p2=v2', elgg.config.wwwroot + 'rootfile.php?p=v&p2=v2']
 
 	].forEach(function(args) {
 		assertEquals(args[1], elgg.normalize_url(args[0]));
diff --git a/languages/en.php b/languages/en.php
index bb5376a44..2b5ba00fd 100644
--- a/languages/en.php
+++ b/languages/en.php
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ $english = array(
 	'LoginException:PasswordFailure' => 'We could not log you in. Please check your username/email and password.',
 	'LoginException:AccountLocked' => 'Your account has been locked for too many log in failures.',
 	'LoginException:ChangePasswordFailure' => 'Failed current password check.',
+	'LoginException:Unknown' => 'We could not log you in due to an unknown error.',
 
 	'deprecatedfunction' => 'Warning: This code uses the deprecated function \'%s\' and is not compatible with this version of Elgg',
 
@@ -581,6 +582,7 @@ $english = array(
 	'admin:users' => "Users",
 	'admin:users:online' => 'Currently Online',
 	'admin:users:newest' => 'Newest',
+	'admin:users:admins' => 'Administrators',
 	'admin:users:add' => 'Add New User',
 	'admin:users:description' => "This admin panel allows you to control user settings for your site. Choose an option below to get started.",
 	'admin:users:adduser:label' => "Click here to add a new user...",
@@ -732,6 +734,7 @@ $english = array(
 	'admin:statistics:label:numusers' => "Number of users",
 	'admin:statistics:label:numonline' => "Number of users online",
 	'admin:statistics:label:onlineusers' => "Users online now",
+	'admin:statistics:label:admins'=>"Admins",
 	'admin:statistics:label:version' => "Elgg version",
 	'admin:statistics:label:version:release' => "Release",
 	'admin:statistics:label:version:version' => "Version",
diff --git a/mod/blog/lib/blog.php b/mod/blog/lib/blog.php
index 4622a9e7e..3c71dfbab 100644
--- a/mod/blog/lib/blog.php
+++ b/mod/blog/lib/blog.php
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ function blog_get_page_content_read($guid = NULL) {
 /**
  * Get page components to list a user's or all blogs.
  *
- * @param int $owner_guid The GUID of the page owner or NULL for all blogs
+ * @param int $container_guid The GUID of the page owner or NULL for all blogs
  * @return array
  */
 function blog_get_page_content_list($container_guid = NULL) {
@@ -62,10 +62,11 @@ function blog_get_page_content_list($container_guid = NULL) {
 	$options = array(
 		'type' => 'object',
 		'subtype' => 'blog',
-		'full_view' => FALSE,
+		'full_view' => false,
 	);
 
-	$loggedin_userid = elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid();
+	$current_user = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity();
+
 	if ($container_guid) {
 		// access check for closed groups
 		group_gatekeeper();
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ function blog_get_page_content_list($container_guid = NULL) {
 		$crumbs_title = $container->name;
 		elgg_push_breadcrumb($crumbs_title);
 
-		if ($container_guid == $loggedin_userid) {
+		if ($current_user && ($container_guid == $current_user->guid)) {
 			$return['filter_context'] = 'mine';
 		} else if (elgg_instanceof($container, 'group')) {
 			$return['filter'] = false;
@@ -99,7 +100,13 @@ function blog_get_page_content_list($container_guid = NULL) {
 
 	// show all posts for admin or users looking at their own blogs
 	// show only published posts for other users.
-	if (!(elgg_is_admin_logged_in() || (elgg_is_logged_in() && $container_guid == $loggedin_userid))) {
+	$show_only_published = true;
+	if ($current_user) {
+		if (($current_user->guid == $container_guid) || $current_user->isAdmin()) {
+			$show_only_published = false;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($show_only_published) {
 		$options['metadata_name_value_pairs'] = array(
 			array('name' => 'status', 'value' => 'published'),
 		);
@@ -155,11 +162,14 @@ function blog_get_page_content_friends($user_guid) {
 
 		// admin / owners can see any posts
 		// everyone else can only see published posts
-		if (!(elgg_is_admin_logged_in() || (elgg_is_logged_in() && $owner_guid == elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid()))) {
-			if ($upper > $now) {
-				$upper = $now;
+		$show_only_published = true;
+		$current_user = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity();
+		if ($current_user) {
+			if (($user_guid == $current_user->guid) || $current_user->isAdmin()) {
+				$show_only_published = false;
 			}
-
+		}
+		if ($show_only_published) {
 			$options['metadata_name_value_pairs'][] = array(
 				array('name' => 'status', 'value' => 'published')
 			);
@@ -240,9 +250,9 @@ function blog_get_page_content_archive($owner_guid, $lower = 0, $upper = 0) {
 
 	$list = elgg_list_entities_from_metadata($options);
 	if (!$list) {
-		$content .= elgg_echo('blog:none');
+		$content = elgg_echo('blog:none');
 	} else {
-		$content .= $list;
+		$content = $list;
 	}
 
 	$title = elgg_echo('date:month:' . date('m', $lower), array(date('Y', $lower)));
@@ -274,6 +284,7 @@ function blog_get_page_content_edit($page, $guid = 0, $revision = NULL) {
 	$vars['id'] = 'blog-post-edit';
 	$vars['class'] = 'elgg-form-alt';
 
+	$sidebar = '';
 	if ($page == 'edit') {
 		$blog = get_entity((int)$guid);
 
@@ -310,14 +321,8 @@ function blog_get_page_content_edit($page, $guid = 0, $revision = NULL) {
 			$content = elgg_echo('blog:error:cannot_edit_post');
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (!$guid) {
-			$container = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity();
-		} else {
-			$container = get_entity($guid);
-		}
-
 		elgg_push_breadcrumb(elgg_echo('blog:add'));
-		$body_vars = blog_prepare_form_vars($blog);
+		$body_vars = blog_prepare_form_vars(null);
 
 		$title = elgg_echo('blog:add');
 		$content = elgg_view_form('blog/save', $vars, $body_vars);
@@ -384,7 +389,7 @@ function blog_prepare_form_vars($post = NULL, $revision = NULL) {
 	if ($auto_save_annotations = $post->getAnnotations('blog_auto_save', 1)) {
 		$auto_save = $auto_save_annotations[0];
 	} else {
-		$auto_save == FALSE;
+		$auto_save = false;
 	}
 
 	if ($auto_save && $auto_save->id != $revision->id) {
@@ -396,52 +401,74 @@ function blog_prepare_form_vars($post = NULL, $revision = NULL) {
 
 /**
  * Forward to the new style of URLs
+ * 
+ * Pre-1.7.5
+ * Group blogs page: /blog/group:<container_guid>/
+ * Group blog view:  /blog/group:<container_guid>/read/<guid>/<title>
+ * 1.7.5-1.8
+ * Group blogs page: /blog/owner/group:<container_guid>/
+ * Group blog view:  /blog/read/<guid>
+ * 
  *
  * @param string $page
  */
 function blog_url_forwarder($page) {
-	global $CONFIG;
+
+	$viewtype = elgg_get_viewtype();
+	$qs = ($viewtype === 'default') ? "" : "?view=$viewtype";
+
+	$url = "blog/all";
+
+	// easier to work with & no notices
+	$page = array_pad($page, 4, "");
 
 	// group usernames
-	if (substr_count($page[0], 'group:')) {
-		preg_match('/group\:([0-9]+)/i', $page[0], $matches);
+	if (preg_match('~/group\:([0-9]+)/~', "/{$page[0]}/{$page[1]}/", $matches)) {
 		$guid = $matches[1];
 		$entity = get_entity($guid);
-		if ($entity) {
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/group/$guid/all";
+		if (elgg_instanceof($entity, 'group')) {
+			if (!empty($page[2])) {
+				$url = "blog/view/$page[2]/";
+			} else {
+				$url = "blog/group/$guid/all";
+			}
 			register_error(elgg_echo("changebookmark"));
-			forward($url);
+			forward($url . $qs);
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (empty($page[0])) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	// user usernames
 	$user = get_user_by_username($page[0]);
 	if (!$user) {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (!isset($page[1])) {
+	if (empty($page[1])) {
 		$page[1] = 'owner';
 	}
 
 	switch ($page[1]) {
 		case "read":
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/view/{$page[2]}/{$page[3]}";
+			$url = "blog/view/{$page[2]}/{$page[3]}";
 			break;
 		case "archive":
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/archive/{$page[0]}/{$page[2]}/{$page[3]}";
+			$url = "blog/archive/{$page[0]}/{$page[2]}/{$page[3]}";
 			break;
 		case "friends":
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/friends/{$page[0]}";
+			$url = "blog/friends/{$page[0]}";
 			break;
 		case "new":
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/add/$user->guid";
+			$url = "blog/add/$user->guid";
 			break;
 		case "owner":
-			$url = "{$CONFIG->wwwroot}blog/owner/{$page[0]}";
+			$url = "blog/owner/{$page[0]}";
 			break;
 	}
 
 	register_error(elgg_echo("changebookmark"));
-	forward($url);
+	forward($url . $qs);
 }
diff --git a/mod/blog/start.php b/mod/blog/start.php
index 9faf1794e..8cbaf5cca 100644
--- a/mod/blog/start.php
+++ b/mod/blog/start.php
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ function blog_page_handler($page) {
 
 	elgg_load_library('elgg:blog');
 
-	// @todo remove the forwarder in 1.9
-	// forward to correct URL for blog pages pre-1.7.5
+	// forward to correct URL for blog pages pre-1.8
 	blog_url_forwarder($page);
 
 	// push all blogs breadcrumb
diff --git a/mod/blog/views/default/forms/blog/save.php b/mod/blog/views/default/forms/blog/save.php
index 7c3265c8d..36fa2e0e8 100644
--- a/mod/blog/views/default/forms/blog/save.php
+++ b/mod/blog/views/default/forms/blog/save.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ if ($vars['guid']) {
 	$delete_link = elgg_view('output/confirmlink', array(
 		'href' => $delete_url,
 		'text' => elgg_echo('delete'),
-		'class' => 'elgg-button elgg-button-delete elgg-state-disabled float-alt'
+		'class' => 'elgg-button elgg-button-delete float-alt'
 	));
 }
 
diff --git a/mod/file/thumbnail.php b/mod/file/thumbnail.php
index 35bf8c7f7..851f13a8f 100644
--- a/mod/file/thumbnail.php
+++ b/mod/file/thumbnail.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ if ($simpletype == "image") {
 
 		// caching images for 10 days
 		header("Content-type: $mime");
-		header('Expires: ' . date('r',time() + 864000));
+		header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+10 days")), true);
 		header("Pragma: public", true);
 		header("Cache-Control: public", true);
 		header("Content-Length: " . strlen($contents));
diff --git a/mod/groups/actions/groups/edit.php b/mod/groups/actions/groups/edit.php
index 2d7e1f023..d0689be2e 100644
--- a/mod/groups/actions/groups/edit.php
+++ b/mod/groups/actions/groups/edit.php
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
  * @package ElggGroups
  */
 
-// Load configuration
-global $CONFIG;
-
 elgg_make_sticky_form('groups');
 
 /**
@@ -19,9 +16,10 @@ function profile_array_decoder(&$v) {
 
 // Get group fields
 $input = array();
-foreach ($CONFIG->group as $shortname => $valuetype) {
-	// another work around for Elgg's encoding problems: #561, #1963
+foreach (elgg_get_config('group') as $shortname => $valuetype) {
 	$input[$shortname] = get_input($shortname);
+
+	// @todo treat profile fields as unescaped: don't filter, encode on output
 	if (is_array($input[$shortname])) {
 		array_walk_recursive($input[$shortname], 'profile_array_decoder');
 	} else {
@@ -38,15 +36,17 @@ $input['name'] = htmlspecialchars(get_input('name', '', false), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF
 $user = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity();
 
 $group_guid = (int)get_input('group_guid');
-$new_group_flag = $group_guid == 0;
+$is_new_group = $group_guid == 0;
 
-if ($new_group_flag && elgg_get_plugin_setting('limited_groups', 'groups') == 'yes' && !elgg_is_admin_logged_in()) {
+if ($is_new_group
+		&& (elgg_get_plugin_setting('limited_groups', 'groups') == 'yes')
+		&& !$user->isAdmin()) {
 	register_error(elgg_echo("groups:cantcreate"));
 	forward(REFERER);
 }
 
 $group = new ElggGroup($group_guid); // load if present, if not create a new group
-if (($group_guid) && (!$group->canEdit())) {
+if ($group_guid && !$group->canEdit()) {
 	register_error(elgg_echo("groups:cantedit"));
 	forward(REFERER);
 }
@@ -61,37 +61,46 @@ if (sizeof($input) > 0) {
 // Validate create
 if (!$group->name) {
 	register_error(elgg_echo("groups:notitle"));
-
 	forward(REFERER);
 }
 
 
 // Set group tool options
-if (isset($CONFIG->group_tool_options)) {
-	foreach ($CONFIG->group_tool_options as $group_option) {
-		$group_option_toggle_name = $group_option->name . "_enable";
-		if ($group_option->default_on) {
-			$group_option_default_value = 'yes';
-		} else {
-			$group_option_default_value = 'no';
-		}
-		$group->$group_option_toggle_name = get_input($group_option_toggle_name, $group_option_default_value);
+$tool_options = elgg_get_config('group_tool_options');
+if ($tool_options) {
+	foreach ($tool_options as $group_option) {
+		$option_toggle_name = $group_option->name . "_enable";
+		$option_default = $group_option->default_on ? 'yes' : 'no';
+		$group->$option_toggle_name = get_input($option_toggle_name, $option_default);
 	}
 }
 
 // Group membership - should these be treated with same constants as access permissions?
-switch (get_input('membership')) {
-	case ACCESS_PUBLIC:
-		$group->membership = ACCESS_PUBLIC;
-		break;
-	default:
-		$group->membership = ACCESS_PRIVATE;
-}
+$is_public_membership = (get_input('membership') == ACCESS_PUBLIC);
+$group->membership = $is_public_membership ? ACCESS_PUBLIC : ACCESS_PRIVATE;
 
-if ($new_group_flag) {
+if ($is_new_group) {
 	$group->access_id = ACCESS_PUBLIC;
 }
 
+$old_owner_guid = $is_new_group ? 0 : $group->owner_guid;
+$new_owner_guid = (int) get_input('owner_guid');
+
+$owner_has_changed = false;
+$old_icontime = null;
+if (!$is_new_group && $new_owner_guid && $new_owner_guid != $old_owner_guid) {
+	// verify new owner is member and old owner/admin is logged in
+	if (is_group_member($group_guid, $new_owner_guid) && ($old_owner_guid == $user->guid || $user->isAdmin())) {
+		$group->owner_guid = $new_owner_guid;
+		
+		// @todo Remove this when #4683 fixed
+		$owner_has_changed = true;
+		$old_icontime = $group->icontime;
+	}
+}
+
+$must_move_icons = ($owner_has_changed && $old_icontime);
+
 $group->save();
 
 // Invisible group support
@@ -115,14 +124,18 @@ $group->save();
 elgg_clear_sticky_form('groups');
 
 // group creator needs to be member of new group and river entry created
-if ($new_group_flag) {
+if ($is_new_group) {
+
+	// @todo this should not be necessary...
 	elgg_set_page_owner_guid($group->guid);
+
 	$group->join($user);
 	add_to_river('river/group/create', 'create', $user->guid, $group->guid, $group->access_id);
 }
 
-// Now see if we have a file icon
-if ((isset($_FILES['icon'])) && (substr_count($_FILES['icon']['type'],'image/'))) {
+$has_uploaded_icon = (!empty($_FILES['icon']['type']) && substr_count($_FILES['icon']['type'], 'image/'));
+
+if ($has_uploaded_icon) {
 
 	$icon_sizes = elgg_get_config('icon_sizes');
 
@@ -134,38 +147,58 @@ if ((isset($_FILES['icon'])) && (substr_count($_FILES['icon']['type'],'image/'))
 	$filehandler->open("write");
 	$filehandler->write(get_uploaded_file('icon'));
 	$filehandler->close();
+	$filename = $filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore();
+
+	$sizes = array('tiny', 'small', 'medium', 'large');
+
+	$thumbs = array();
+	foreach ($sizes as $size) {
+		$thumbs[$size] = get_resized_image_from_existing_file(
+			$filename,
+			$icon_sizes[$size]['w'],
+			$icon_sizes[$size]['h'],
+			$icon_sizes[$size]['square']
+		);
+	}
 
-	$thumbtiny = get_resized_image_from_existing_file($filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore(), $icon_sizes['tiny']['w'], $icon_sizes['tiny']['h'], $icon_sizes['tiny']['square']);
-	$thumbsmall = get_resized_image_from_existing_file($filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore(), $icon_sizes['small']['w'], $icon_sizes['small']['h'], $icon_sizes['small']['square']);
-	$thumbmedium = get_resized_image_from_existing_file($filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore(), $icon_sizes['medium']['w'], $icon_sizes['medium']['h'], $icon_sizes['medium']['square']);
-	$thumblarge = get_resized_image_from_existing_file($filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore(), $icon_sizes['large']['w'], $icon_sizes['large']['h'], $icon_sizes['large']['square']);
-	if ($thumbtiny) {
-
+	if ($thumbs['tiny']) { // just checking if resize successful
 		$thumb = new ElggFile();
 		$thumb->owner_guid = $group->owner_guid;
 		$thumb->setMimeType('image/jpeg');
 
-		$thumb->setFilename($prefix."tiny.jpg");
-		$thumb->open("write");
-		$thumb->write($thumbtiny);
-		$thumb->close();
+		foreach ($sizes as $size) {
+			$thumb->setFilename("{$prefix}{$size}.jpg");
+			$thumb->open("write");
+			$thumb->write($thumbs[$size]);
+			$thumb->close();
+		}
+
+		$group->icontime = time();
+	}
+}
 
-		$thumb->setFilename($prefix."small.jpg");
-		$thumb->open("write");
-		$thumb->write($thumbsmall);
-		$thumb->close();
+// @todo Remove this when #4683 fixed
+if ($must_move_icons) {
+	$filehandler = new ElggFile();
+	$filehandler->setFilename('groups');
+	$filehandler->owner_guid = $old_owner_guid;
+	$old_path = $filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore();
 
-		$thumb->setFilename($prefix."medium.jpg");
-		$thumb->open("write");
-		$thumb->write($thumbmedium);
-		$thumb->close();
+	$sizes = array('', 'tiny', 'small', 'medium', 'large');
 
-		$thumb->setFilename($prefix."large.jpg");
-		$thumb->open("write");
-		$thumb->write($thumblarge);
-		$thumb->close();
+	if ($has_uploaded_icon) {
+		// delete those under old owner
+		foreach ($sizes as $size) {
+			unlink("$old_path/{$group_guid}{$size}.jpg");
+		}
+	} else {
+		// move existing to new owner
+		$filehandler->owner_guid = $group->owner_guid;
+		$new_path = $filehandler->getFilenameOnFilestore();
 
-		$group->icontime = time();
+		foreach ($sizes as $size) {
+			rename("$old_path/{$group_guid}{$size}.jpg", "$new_path/{$group_guid}{$size}.jpg");
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/mod/groups/icon.php b/mod/groups/icon.php
index 1bd240ea6..ebdc1eb6d 100644
--- a/mod/groups/icon.php
+++ b/mod/groups/icon.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ if (!($group instanceof ElggGroup)) {
 
 // If is the same ETag, content didn't changed.
 $etag = $group->icontime . $group_guid;
-if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == $etag) {
+if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == "\"$etag\"") {
 	header("HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified");
 	exit;
 }
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ if (!$success) {
 }
 
 header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
-header('Expires: ' . date('r',time() + 864000));
+header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+10 days")), true);
 header("Pragma: public");
 header("Cache-Control: public");
 header("Content-Length: " . strlen($contents));
-header("ETag: $etag");
+header("ETag: \"$etag\"");
 echo $contents;
diff --git a/mod/groups/languages/en.php b/mod/groups/languages/en.php
index 0ca980108..0d57f1680 100644
--- a/mod/groups/languages/en.php
+++ b/mod/groups/languages/en.php
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ $english = array(
 	'groups:membership' => "Group membership permissions",
 	'groups:access' => "Access permissions",
 	'groups:owner' => "Owner",
+	'groups:owner:warning' => "Warning: if you change this value, you will no longer be the owner of this group.",
 	'groups:widget:num_display' => 'Number of groups to display',
 	'groups:widget:membership' => 'Group membership',
 	'groups:widgets:description' => 'Display the groups you are a member of on your profile',
diff --git a/mod/groups/views/default/forms/groups/edit.php b/mod/groups/views/default/forms/groups/edit.php
index 532e89c35..41d97e6c3 100644
--- a/mod/groups/views/default/forms/groups/edit.php
+++ b/mod/groups/views/default/forms/groups/edit.php
@@ -83,6 +83,42 @@ if (elgg_get_plugin_setting('hidden_groups', 'groups') == 'yes') {
 <?php 	
 }
 
+if (isset($vars['entity'])) {
+	$entity     = $vars['entity'];
+	$owner_guid = $vars['entity']->owner_guid;
+} else {
+	$entity = false;
+}
+
+if ($entity && ($owner_guid == elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid() || elgg_is_admin_logged_in())) {
+	$owner_guid = $vars['entity']->owner_guid;
+	$members = array();
+	foreach ($vars['entity']->getMembers(0) as $member) {
+		$members[$member->guid] = "$member->name (@$member->username)";
+	}
+?>
+
+<div>
+	<label>
+			<?php echo elgg_echo('groups:owner'); ?><br />
+			<?php echo elgg_view('input/dropdown', array(
+				'name' => 'owner_guid',
+				'value' =>  $owner_guid,
+				'options_values' => $members,
+				'class' => 'groups-owner-input',
+			));
+			?>
+	</label>
+	<?php
+	if ($owner_guid == elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid()) {
+		echo '<span class="elgg-text-help">' . elgg_echo('groups:owner:warning') . '</span>';
+	}
+	?>
+</div>
+
+<?php 	
+}
+
 $tools = elgg_get_config('group_tool_options');
 if ($tools) {
 	usort($tools, create_function('$a,$b', 'return strcmp($a->label,$b->label);'));
@@ -111,7 +147,7 @@ if ($tools) {
 <div class="elgg-foot">
 <?php
 
-if (isset($entity)) {
+if ($entity) {
 	echo elgg_view('input/hidden', array(
 		'name' => 'group_guid',
 		'value' => $entity->getGUID(),
@@ -120,7 +156,7 @@ if (isset($entity)) {
 
 echo elgg_view('input/submit', array('value' => elgg_echo('save')));
 
-if (isset($entity)) {
+if ($entity) {
 	$delete_url = 'action/groups/delete?guid=' . $entity->getGUID();
 	echo elgg_view('output/confirmlink', array(
 		'text' => elgg_echo('groups:delete'),
diff --git a/mod/groups/views/default/groups/js.php b/mod/groups/views/default/groups/js.php
index 1b4d33f32..0319be14a 100644
--- a/mod/groups/views/default/groups/js.php
+++ b/mod/groups/views/default/groups/js.php
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Javascript for Groups forms
+ *
+ * @package ElggGroups
+ */
+?>
 
 // this adds a class to support IE8 and older
 elgg.register_hook_handler('init', 'system', function() {
diff --git a/mod/groups/views/rss/groups/profile/layout.php b/mod/groups/views/rss/groups/profile/layout.php
index 3eeb9eaf2..0dafe78ad 100644
--- a/mod/groups/views/rss/groups/profile/layout.php
+++ b/mod/groups/views/rss/groups/profile/layout.php
@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@
  * @uses $vars['entity'] ElggGroup object
  */
 
-echo elgg_list_entities(array(
-	'type' => 'object',
-	'container_guid' => $vars['entity']->getGUID(),
-));
+$entities = elgg_get_config('registered_entities');
+
+if (!empty($entities['object'])) {
+	echo elgg_list_entities(array(
+		'type' => 'object',
+		'subtypes' => $entities['object'],
+		'container_guid' => $vars['entity']->getGUID(),
+	));
+}
diff --git a/mod/messageboard/views/default/river/object/messageboard/create.php b/mod/messageboard/views/default/river/object/messageboard/create.php
index 7ce7f6b4e..ac10a55c1 100644
--- a/mod/messageboard/views/default/river/object/messageboard/create.php
+++ b/mod/messageboard/views/default/river/object/messageboard/create.php
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * Messageboard river view
- */
-
-$messageboard = $vars['item']->getAnnotation();
-
-echo elgg_view('river/elements/layout', array(
-	'item' => $vars['item'],
-	'message' => $messageboard->value,
-));
+<?php

+/**

+ * Messageboard river view

+ */

+

+$messageboard = $vars['item']->getAnnotation();

+$excerpt = elgg_get_excerpt($messageboard->value);

+

+echo elgg_view('river/elements/layout', array(

+	'item' => $vars['item'],

+	'message' => $excerpt,

+));

diff --git a/mod/messages/pages/messages/read.php b/mod/messages/pages/messages/read.php
index a64623564..4223c6bac 100644
--- a/mod/messages/pages/messages/read.php
+++ b/mod/messages/pages/messages/read.php
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if ($inbox) {
 	$content .= elgg_view_form('messages/reply', $form_params, $body_params);
 	$from_user = get_user($message->fromId);
 	
-	if (elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid() == elgg_get_page_owner_guid() && $from_user) {
+	if ((elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid() == elgg_get_page_owner_guid()) && $from_user) {
 		elgg_register_menu_item('title', array(
 			'name' => 'reply',
 			'href' => '#messages-reply-form',
diff --git a/mod/profile/icondirect.php b/mod/profile/icondirect.php
index c4439f78c..dbab5d31f 100644
--- a/mod/profile/icondirect.php
+++ b/mod/profile/icondirect.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ $guid = (int)$_GET['guid'];
 
 // If is the same ETag, content didn't changed.
 $etag = $last_cache . $guid;
-if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == $etag) {
+if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) && trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == "\"$etag\"") {
 	header("HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified");
 	exit;
 }
@@ -55,19 +55,15 @@ if ($mysql_dblink) {
 			$user_path = date('Y/m/d/', $join_date) . $guid;
 
 			$filename = "$data_root$user_path/profile/{$guid}{$size}.jpg";
-			$contents = @file_get_contents($filename);
-			if (!empty($contents)) {
+			$size = @filesize($filename);
+			if ($size) {
 				header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
-				header('Expires: ' . date('r', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
+				header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
 				header("Pragma: public");
 				header("Cache-Control: public");
-				header("Content-Length: " . strlen($contents));
-				header("ETag: $etag");
-				// this chunking is done for supposedly better performance
-				$split_string = str_split($contents, 1024);
-				foreach ($split_string as $chunk) {
-					echo $chunk;
-				}
+				header("Content-Length: $size");
+				header("ETag: \"$etag\"");
+				readfile($filename);
 				exit;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/mod/profile/views/default/profile/details.php b/mod/profile/views/default/profile/details.php
index 3af5cb756..7b05b0e15 100644
--- a/mod/profile/views/default/profile/details.php
+++ b/mod/profile/views/default/profile/details.php
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ if (is_array($profile_fields) && sizeof($profile_fields) > 0) {
 			<div class="<?php echo $even_odd; ?>">
 				<b><?php echo elgg_echo("profile:{$shortname}"); ?>: </b>
 				<?php
-					echo elgg_view("output/{$valtype}", array('value' => $user->$shortname));
+					echo elgg_view("output/{$valtype}", array('value' => $value));
 				?>
 			</div>
 			<?php
diff --git a/mod/twitter/views/default/widgets/twitter/content.php b/mod/twitter/views/default/widgets/twitter/content.php
index e429d0103..c616d944c 100644
--- a/mod/twitter/views/default/widgets/twitter/content.php
+++ b/mod/twitter/views/default/widgets/twitter/content.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if ($username) {
 	<ul id="twitter_update_list"></ul>
 	<p class="visit_twitter"><a href="http://twitter.com/<?php echo $username; ?>"><?php echo elgg_echo("twitter:visit"); ?></a></p>
 	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://twitter.com/javascripts/blogger.js"></script>
-	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/<?php echo $username; ?>.json?callback=twitterCallback2&count=<?php echo $num; ?>"></script>
+	<script type="text/javascript" src="https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/user_timeline/<?php echo $username; ?>.json?callback=twitterCallback2&count=<?php echo $num; ?>"></script>
 </div>
 
 <?php
diff --git a/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/OAuth.php b/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/OAuth.php
index b0e3cfd5e..e132a5bc8 100644
--- a/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/OAuth.php
+++ b/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/OAuth.php
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class twitterOAuthRequest extends OAuthRequest {
   private $http_url;
   // for debug purposes
   public $base_string;
+  public static $version = '1.0';
   public static $POST_INPUT = 'php://input';
 
   function __construct($http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) {
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class twitterOAuthRequest extends OAuthRequest {
    */
   public static function from_consumer_and_token($consumer, $token, $http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) {
     @$parameters or $parameters = array();
-    $defaults = array("oauth_version" => '1.0',
+    $defaults = array("oauth_version" => twitterOAuthRequest::$version,
                       "oauth_nonce" => twitterOAuthRequest::generate_nonce(),
                       "oauth_timestamp" => twitterOAuthRequest::generate_timestamp(),
                       "oauth_consumer_key" => $consumer->key);
diff --git a/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/twitterOAuth.php b/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/twitterOAuth.php
index a1021ce6f..f36e6158d 100644
--- a/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/twitterOAuth.php
+++ b/mod/twitter_api/vendors/twitteroauth/twitterOAuth.php
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class TwitterOAuth {
    * Set API URLS
    */
   function accessTokenURL()  { return 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token'; }
-  function authenticateURL() { return 'https://twitter.com/oauth/authenticate'; }
-  function authorizeURL()    { return 'https://twitter.com/oauth/authorize'; }
+  function authenticateURL() { return 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate'; }
+  function authorizeURL()    { return 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize'; }
   function requestTokenURL() { return 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token'; }
 
   /**
diff --git a/mod/uservalidationbyemail/start.php b/mod/uservalidationbyemail/start.php
index f98f57faf..f44d2ab50 100644
--- a/mod/uservalidationbyemail/start.php
+++ b/mod/uservalidationbyemail/start.php
@@ -233,15 +233,23 @@ function uservalidationbyemail_public_pages($hook, $type, $return_value, $params
  * @param string   $type
  * @param ElggUser $user
  * @return bool
+ *
+ * @throws LoginException
  */
 function uservalidationbyemail_check_manual_login($event, $type, $user) {
 	$access_status = access_get_show_hidden_status();
 	access_show_hidden_entities(TRUE);
 
-	// @todo register_error()?
-	$return = ($user instanceof ElggUser && !$user->isEnabled() && !$user->validated) ? FALSE : NULL;
+	if (($user instanceof ElggUser) && !$user->isEnabled() && !$user->validated) {
+		// send new validation email
+		uservalidationbyemail_request_validation($user->getGUID());
+		
+		// restore hidden entities settings
+		access_show_hidden_entities($access_status);
+		
+		// throw error so we get a nice error message
+		throw new LoginException(elgg_echo('uservalidationbyemail:login:fail'));
+	}
 
 	access_show_hidden_entities($access_status);
-
-	return $return;
 }
diff --git a/pages/avatar/view.php b/pages/avatar/view.php
index bd6c95821..10d81fef1 100644
--- a/pages/avatar/view.php
+++ b/pages/avatar/view.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ if (!$success) {
 }
 
 header("Content-type: image/jpeg", true);
-header('Expires: ' . date('r', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
+header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T', strtotime("+6 months")), true);
 header("Pragma: public", true);
 header("Cache-Control: public", true);
 header("Content-Length: " . strlen($contents));
diff --git a/version.php b/version.php
index a2417d848..77d151bb6 100644
--- a/version.php
+++ b/version.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 // YYYYMMDD = Elgg Date
 // XX = Interim incrementer
-$version = 2012111100;
+$version = 2012120500;
 
 // Human-friendly version name
-$release = '1.8.9';
+$release = '1.8.11';
diff --git a/views/default/admin/users/admins.php b/views/default/admin/users/admins.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b175d437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/views/default/admin/users/admins.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+$admins = elgg_list_entities(array(), 'elgg_get_admins');
+	
+?>
+<div class="elgg-module elgg-module-inline">
+	<div class="elgg-head">
+		<h3><?php echo elgg_echo('admin:statistics:label:admins'); ?></h3>
+	</div>
+	<div class="elgg-body">
+		<?php echo $admins; ?>
+	</div>
+</div>
diff --git a/views/default/css/admin.php b/views/default/css/admin.php
index b996e5636..059e51dd6 100644
--- a/views/default/css/admin.php
+++ b/views/default/css/admin.php
@@ -1238,6 +1238,10 @@ a.elgg-widget-collapsed:before {
 	height: 16px;
 	display: inline-block;
 	margin: 0 2px;
+	vertical-align: text-bottom;
+}
+.elgg-module .elgg-head .elgg-icon {
+	vertical-align: baseline;
 }
 .elgg-icon-delete:hover,
 .elgg-icon-delete-alt:hover {
diff --git a/views/default/js/admin.php b/views/default/js/admin.php
index 5cefba512..e8aa0d2ed 100644
--- a/views/default/js/admin.php
+++ b/views/default/js/admin.php
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
+
+if (0) { ?><script><?php }
 ?>
-//<script>
 elgg.provide('elgg.admin');
 
 elgg.admin.init = function () {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ elgg.admin.init = function () {
 
 	// admin notices delete ajax
 	$('a.elgg-admin-notice').click(elgg.admin.deleteNotice);
-}
+};
 
 /**
  * Save the plugin order after a move event.
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ elgg.admin.editProfileField = function(value, settings) {
 
 	elgg.action('profile/fields/edit', data);
 	return value;
-}
+};
 
 /**
  * Save the plugin profile order after a move event.
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ elgg.admin.moveProfileField = function(e, ui) {
 	elgg.action('profile/fields/reorder', {
 		fieldorder: orderStr
 	});
-}
+};
 
 /**
  * Fires the ajax action to delete the admin notice then hides the notice.
@@ -120,6 +121,6 @@ elgg.admin.deleteNotice = function(e) {
 			$container.slideUp('medium');
 		}
 	});
-}
+};
 
 elgg.register_hook_handler('init', 'system', elgg.admin.init, 1000);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/views/default/js/elgg.php b/views/default/js/elgg.php
index 6460e93d6..b82d98ce4 100644
--- a/views/default/js/elgg.php
+++ b/views/default/js/elgg.php
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ foreach ($libs as $file) {
 /**
  * Set some values that are cacheable
  */
+if (0) { ?><script><?php }
 ?>
 
 elgg.version = '<?php echo get_version(); ?>';
diff --git a/views/default/js/initialize_elgg.php b/views/default/js/initialize_elgg.php
index f8234f84f..b45c33463 100644
--- a/views/default/js/initialize_elgg.php
+++ b/views/default/js/initialize_elgg.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  * Initialize Elgg's js lib with the uncacheable data
  */
 
+if (0) { ?><script><?php }
 ?>
 /**
  * Don't want to cache these -- they could change for every request
diff --git a/views/default/js/lightbox.php b/views/default/js/lightbox.php
index c45d46098..d2bceaf90 100644
--- a/views/default/js/lightbox.php
+++ b/views/default/js/lightbox.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * @todo add support for passing options: $('#myplugin-lightbox').elgg.ui.lightbox(options);
  */
 
+if (0) { ?><script><?php }
 ?>
 
 /**
diff --git a/views/default/js/walled_garden.php b/views/default/js/walled_garden.php
index 13ec83c04..7a482fe23 100644
--- a/views/default/js/walled_garden.php
+++ b/views/default/js/walled_garden.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ $cancel_button = elgg_view('input/button', array(
 ));
 $cancel_button = trim($cancel_button);
 
+if (0) { ?><script><?php }
 ?>
 
 elgg.provide('elgg.walled_garden');
@@ -47,10 +48,10 @@ elgg.walled_garden.load = function(view) {
 				$(id).find('input.elgg-button-submit').after('<?php echo $cancel_button; ?>');
 				$('#elgg-walledgarden-login').fadeToggle();
 				$(id).fadeToggle();
-			},
+			}
 		});
 		event.preventDefault();
-    };
+	};
 };
 
 elgg.register_hook_handler('init', 'system', elgg.walled_garden.init);
\ No newline at end of file